La era de los robots capaces de operar por s\u00ed solos est\u00e1 llegando. Un grupo de cirujanos ha dise\u00f1ado una m\u00e1quina que usa tecnolog\u00eda de visi\u00f3n 3D y un algoritmo matem\u00e1tico con las mejores t\u00e9cnicas de sutura para operar tejidos blandos.<\/p>\n
A diferencia de otros sistemas rob\u00f3ticos, que son manejados por el cirujano, este prototipo trabaja de forma aut\u00f3noma, siendo capaz de salir del patr\u00f3n programado por el humano y tomar decisiones por s\u00ed mismo para cerrar la cirug\u00eda.<\/p>\n
El robot, dise\u00f1ado por cirujanos del Instituto Sheikh Zayed de Innovaci\u00f3n en Cirug\u00eda Pedi\u00e1trica (EE UU), super\u00f3 a cirujanos con casi una d\u00e9cada de experiencia a la hora de suturar. Adem\u00e1s, result\u00f3 a\u00fan menos invasivo que la laparoscopia e hizo algo que los actuales sistemas rob\u00f3ticos no acaban de afinar: operar sobre tejidos blandos. Su irregularidad y movilidad durante la operaci\u00f3n los convierte en un objetivo m\u00e1s complicado que seccionar un material r\u00edgido y est\u00e1tico como el hueso.
\n<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0SMART opera sin intervenci\u00f3n humana, al menos durante la operaci\u00f3n. Los cirujanos programan la operaci\u00f3n y la supervisan. Pero es SMART el que, si necesita ampliar o reducir la distancia entre sutura y sutura, por ejemplo, decide cu\u00e1nto y c\u00f3mo.<\/p>\n
Los cirujanos programaron su algoritmo de sutura con las t\u00e9cnicas de cirug\u00eda m\u00e1s reconocidas y lo que la f\u00edsica sabe de los tejidos org\u00e1nicos. Cuenta tambi\u00e9n con una serie de sensores que dan destreza a sus brazos e instrumental. Pero quiz\u00e1 la clave sea su sistema de visi\u00f3n.\u00a0<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
El prototipo, presentado en la revista Science Translational Medicine, combina dos tecnolog\u00edas para la imagen. Por un lado, un sistema de im\u00e1genes 3D llamado plen\u00f3ptica, que ofrece escenas tridimensionales de im\u00e1genes en dos dimensiones y sin focalizar en un solo punto. Por el otro, luz de infrarrojo cercano, que muestra al robot lo que el ojo humano no puede ver.<\/p>\n
\u00abComo cirujano, casi siempre hacemos tres cosas: usamos nuestra vista y usamos nuestras manos para la destreza y entonces utilizamos el cerebro para tomar decisiones y, finalmente, las ejecutamos. Hemos mejorado todo eso\u00bb, dice, en referencia a SMART, el cirujano jefe del Centro Nacional M\u00e9dico Infantil y vicepresidente del instituto que ha creado el robot.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Sus creadores probaron las habilidades de SMART con una serie de tejidos de cerdo. Ten\u00eda que realizar una de las operaciones obligadas en casi toda cirug\u00eda: unir con sutura dos secciones de tejido que se conoce como anastomosis. Despu\u00e9s compararon su trabajo con la sutura realizada por cirujanos con a\u00f1os de experiencia usando tanto cirug\u00eda abierta como laparosc\u00f3pica. Adem\u00e1s, a\u00f1adieron al reto a un robot Da Vinci.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
La era de los robots capaces de operar por s\u00ed solos est\u00e1 llegando. Un grupo de cirujanos ha dise\u00f1ado una m\u00e1quina que usa tecnolog\u00eda de visi\u00f3n 3D y un algoritmo matem\u00e1tico con las mejores t\u00e9cnicas de sutura para operar tejidos blandos. A diferencia de otros sistemas rob\u00f3ticos, que son manejados por el cirujano, este prototipo …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4399,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-noticias"],"yoast_head":"\n
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